There are two kinds of approaches to understand a system, such as:
Procedure
Procedure is combination of clerical operation (writing) which involve some people in one or more department which use to guarantee same handling from business transactions which happen.
Element
The component group which connected and working together for getting a goal.
System approach that emphasize to component would be easier to studying system for Design and Analyzing a system. To analyze and designing a system, firstly the analyst and designer must be understand about the components of elements or subsystems in that system.
A system always have a certain distance. Some people said the aim of system is to get a goal and the other said to get an objectives target. Goal usually related with more wide environment and objectives target refers to smaller environment.
System Characteristics
A system has certain components or attribute, such as components, boundary, environment, interface, input, output, process, objectives, and goal.
Components
System consist of some components which have an interaction, it mean they working together to get an unity. Every subsystems have characteristic of system to running a function and influence all system process.
Boundary
Boundary is an area to limit one system with another system environment. The boundary of this system possibly a system look like an unity. The boundary of a system show the scope from the system.
Environment
Environment is whatever outer limit from system that effect the system inside. Environment gives benefit and suffer to a system.
Interface
Interface is a media to connecting between subsystem to other subsystem. This interface possibly floating resource from a subsystem to other subsystem. The output of a subsystem will be an input for other subsystem with a connector.
Input
Input is an energy which putted into system. Input may can be maintenance input and signal input. Maintenance input is an energy to operate system. Signal input is an energy which processed to get an output.
Output
Output is an energy which processed and classified to be useful output and process residue. Output may can be an input for other subsystem or supra system.
Process
A system can have a part of processor that will be change an input to be an output. A system production will be processing input like raw material and other material to be output things.
Objectives
A system exactly have a goal or objective target. If a system doesn’t have a goal, it won’t be useful. The system said success when it catch the goal.
System Classification
System can be classified from some point of view, such as:
System classified as abstract system, and physical system. Abstract system like idea, it isn’t look physically.
System classified as natural system and human made system. Natural system is a system formed from natural process, not produce by human.
Human made system is a system made by human. System made by human which work with machine called human-machine system.
System classified as deterministic system and probabilistic system. Certain system operated by behavior which surely predicted so the output system can be calculated.
System classified as closed system. Closed system is a system which not related and not influenced with outside condition. This system work automatically without interference from environment. Theoretically this closed system is available, but in real time there is no system genuinely closed, existing only relatively closed system. Open system is a system that connected and influenced by outside environment. This system gets input and produce product for environment outside or the other subsystem.
Information Based Concept
Information means data that cultivated to be form more useful and more values for its receiver. The Information resource is data. Data means plural form from a single data item. Data is real thing which show events. Event means something happen in a time.
The Cycle of Information
Data means the raw form of something which can’t tell us about the information inside, so it needs to process continued. Data processed pass through from a model to resulting information and then it receive by receiver and make decision and do something, it mean resulting another movement that will be make the data is back. That data would be caught as input, it processed again from a model, it work continue until the process become a cycle. This cycle by John Burch called information cycle. This also called data processing cycles.
The Quality of Information
The quality of quality information depends of three things, such as accurate, timeliness, and relevance.
Accurate, the information must be free from errors and not refraction or mislead.
Timeliness, it mean the information may not be late. The expired information will not have a value, because information is a basic to get a decision.
Relevance, it mean the information have a benefit for the user. The relevance information for every people with the other one is different.
The Value of Information
Value of information depends of two things, such as benefit and cost to reach it. An information called values when the benefit more effective than the cost to reach.
Base Information System Concept
Information system mean a system in an organization which meet daily process transaction requirement, to support operation, managerially and activity of strategy from an organization and serve certain external side with needed reports.
